The PSY Peptide Family—Expression, Modification and Physiological Implications

Physiological and Pathological Roles for MicroRNAs: Implications for Immunity Complications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding regulatory RNAs molecules with a size of approximately 22 nucleotides that are implicated in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional regulatory levels. Inflammatory disorders especially autoimmune diseases (ADs) occur from an abnormal immune response of body against cells of their own specific tissues or multiple organ systems leading to ch...

Modification of sodium transport and alveolar fluid clearance by hypoxia: mechanisms and physiological implications.

In order for gas exchange to occur optimally, the alveoli must remain open and free from fluid. In utero, the fetal lung is filled with fluid which is removed shortly after birth, mainly because active reabsorption of sodium ions (Na ) across the alveolar epithelium creates an osmotic force favoring reabsorption of alveolar fluid (1, 2). The classic studies from Dr. Matthay’s laboratory showing...

EEG biofeedback: physiological behavior modification.

The author reviews the use of operant conditioning to alter electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. A discrete rhythmic EEG pattern directly related to modulation of motor patterns (sensorimotor rhythm, SMR) was brought under voluntary control in the cat. This technique was modified for use in epileptic human volunteers in order to reduce motor seizures. The use of a newer experimental design and ...

Delta-aminolevulinic acid transport by intestinal and renal peptide transporters and its physiological and clinical implications.

Delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is the precursor of porphyrin synthesis and has been recently used in vitro and in clinical studies as an endogenous photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of various tumors. For this purpose, ALA is given topically, systemically, or orally. When administered by the oral route, it shows excellent intestinal absorption. ALA is also efficiently r...

Behavior modification: introduction and implications.